Tuberculosis – Emerging Diagnostic Methods

Tuberculosis – NEW DIAGNOSTIC Methods. The challenges of the future. (Role of clinical microbiology laboratories) The importance of microscopy: smears for the detection of acid-fast bacteria continue to be the gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Despite several shortcomings is economically smear for screening, specific, and power of man can be easily trained. The detection of AFB in sputum smears can detect and contain higher in the spread of tuberculosis in the society. The smear has become Postive if you have more germs than 5000-10, 000 / 1 ml of sputum is. Several studies of smears, to inspect at least three samples of morning and, if the sampling is to increase the yield of> 43%. If efforts are taken, the patients were cleared for 1-2 minutes in the methods for collecting sputum, leading to higher scores. Sputum induction procedures is useful. The current focus on the identification of AFB, is demanding in smears associated with HIV / AIDS, because only a few bacilli are eliminated. sodium hydroxide concentration of samples and sample digestion of fat and slimy associated with sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, N-acetyl-cysteine – is used for the detection of> 18% increase sensitivity and the marginal return positve 9% (after treatment with chemicals above – positive press with direct Ziehl Nelson) sodium is beneficial in patients with HIV-positive, as is mycobactericidal and also kills the virus human immunodeficiency, but not suitable for the cultivation of specimens. Need fluorescence microscopy Developing countries should fluorescence microscopy, the sensitivity of microscopy in patients who retire a few bacilli in the association of infection with HIV, the role of Ziehl Neelsen staining method and conventional microscopy improve loses sensitivity with the workload increasing, the technicians decided to explore some fields to see the kind of monotonous work, lack of responsibility and inter-agency protocols for quality control. Many systematic reviews identified using fluorescence microscopy will increase to 10% and sensitivity of 9% higher yield compared to N additional Z staining method. Viewed more than 15 times as many fields can be scanned by fluorescence microscopy as microscopes during the same period. Developing countries see and purchase crisis fluorescence microscopes, and maintain regular availability of fluorescent dyes. It is extremely important to develop core facilities and dedicated to microscopy, the control of peripheral laboratories. negative samples by conventional microscopy requires greater attention to microscopy optimal methods for detecting the concentration AFB early to reduce mortality among those infected and contain the spread in society. Culture for isolation of mycobacteria the sputum culture remains a reference for the diagnosis of mycobacteria. A grwoth positive by some bacteria can be detected as low as 10-10 viable bacilli by sputum I ml. cultures showing growth of AFB in patients, where treatment and testing negative by smear infection. One simple measure of the decontamination of the sample and vaccination of at least 150-200 ul emphasis on nutrient medium, success will be increased cultivation. Despite decontamination procedures best 1-4% of isolates were false Postive. The biggest limitation of culture on Lowenstein – Jensen medium and other medium is equivalent to a longer time (2-12 weeks) for isolation of bacteria. Advances in diagnostic methods. First growth of mycobacteria in MGIT tube Incubator (Mycobacterium growth indicator tube) is a sophisticated means to install new and expensive automated system. economic borders and the rapid availability of reagents (closed system, the manufacturer.) In addition, growth in developing countries hamper technolology 2nd. Recent success with the mods (Microscopic observation of the test sensitivity test) developed in Peru known as a successful resistance to affordable primary and can be performed with simple measures, but the inverted microscope is essential to read the results intervals. Contamination or risk to technicians is minimal. Even the district laboratories can resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, despite several controlled studies of the MODS test report is to distinguish between the poor, Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis failure. The success of MODS is a major breakthrough in the detection of MDR, where the prevalence of NTM prevalence is low test MODS in patients with tuberculosis about a third of the time required to identify the culture on LJ. Emerging and rapid diagnostic methods. – Almost a test plate with phage amplification technology in areas with high rates of HIV infection has had conflicting results, need more understanding. 2nd Quanti – Feron-TB test – performed on blood samples immunospot based on the principle of ELISA and enzyme. With the increased production of interferon ? (INF-?) cells in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the other environmental factors, especially Mycobacterium avium complex Mycobacterium. The test results were correlated with skin test reactivity to tuberculin, BCG vaccination, but remains hampered. 3 Elispot – Tested by ELISA detects interferon ? produced by T cells in response to latent tuberculosis Infection. Elispot gained more clinical acceptance and beneficial, since in the majority of people vaccinated with BCG negative The two tests above laboratories and high-end costs of the audit were the main limitation has been limited in many developing countries. More useful for diagnosing latent TB infection. The molecular technology: Gains Rapid technology amplification of DNA polymerase (PCR) are controlled in clinical studies and the limited performance of interpretation of the laboratory. Rapidly changing technologies of previous meetings of molecular devices and other primers property, has its limitations in developing countries. Mainly as a research tool used limited and unaffordable for poor people in need. Many cases of extrapulmonary TB have been received molecular technology. Future goals for the control of tuberculosis; to facilitate Stop TB Partnership, Global Plan for 2006-2015 calls for strengthening the network of all TB cases seen, including smear-negative. Emphasis should be placed on methods of concentration of sputum concentrate on promoting the use of fluorescence microscopy. to enlist the support of smaller laboratories culture and sensitivity tests to antibiotics. This affordable option can be used with the methodology of the mods. The developing world wants to use this technology to come along and see how convenient and easy to MDR TB also at the district Laboratories . But there is not infallible, sensitive and specific test that is inexpensive and rapid method for diagnosis of tuberculosis. Key challenges include the detection and control of MDR-TB. Strengthening of microscopy and aggressive dispositions for the application of fluorescence microscopy can reduce the incidence of the spread of tuberculosis. We observed the effects of X-MDR in the Indian subcontinent. The undergraduate and graduate medical students should be taught with more emphasis on controlling drug-resistant tuberculosis hope the best options in the application of international standards for tuberculosis care in opening the participation of health A major global can, at the incidence of tuberculosis by the year 2015 to be reduced. Article created for students in medical and paramedical personnel and politicians in clinical laboratories throughout the world in development of new needs in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. . email; tvraodoctor2000 @ yahoo. co. in

People who looked at this item also looked at…

• Hives-Urticaria Is The Medical Term For Hives

Related items

• Hives-Urticaria Is The Medical Term For Hives
• Positive Psychology: It?s All in your Head
• Vision Shopsters: Australia Surgical Equipment Market Outlook to 2016
• Considering Cryotherapy For Genital Warts? Read On
• Human Toxicity Of Insecticides

Popularity: 25% [?]

Incoming search terms for the article:

• method of recent diagnosis of TB

Related Post for Tuberculosis – Emerging Diagnostic Methods